
XU Tengjiao
Dr Tengjiao Xu obtained her LLB at Qufu Normal University in Shandong, China and an LLM (International Economic Law) from Peking University. She recently completed her PhD at the University of Southampton. Her thesis title was ‘Rethinking Legal Approaches to Electronic Bills of Lading: From Functional Equivalence to a Substantive Approach’.
Education
LLB (Qufu Normal University) (China), LLM (International Economic Law) (China), PhD (Southampton)
In Residence
While at Southampton, Tengjiao served as a Research Assistant at the Institute of Maritime Law, an editor for the Southampton Student Law Review, and the Law PGR Student Representative. Externally, she served as a Research Assistant at the Institute for Studies on Artificial Intelligence and Law at Tsinghua University, China. In 2023, she worked as a legal intern at UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) in Vienna and received a scholarship for her internship at an international organisation. In 2025, Tengjiao received UNIDROIT (The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law) Research Scholarship and served as an invited scholar at UNIDROIT.
Tengjiao was a Research Assistant and a Teaching Assistant at Peking University from 2019 to 2021, working under Associate Professor Guo Yu. She also gained professional experience as a legal intern at Dentons Law Office, an intern clerk at Zibo Intermediate People’s Court, and a Legal & Commercial intern at Sina Corporation. Tengjiao won PKU’s University Awards for two years running.
Tengjiao has passed her PRC National Judicial Examination. She has been a member of the China Maritime Law Association since 2020.
- International Trade Law
- Maritime Law
- Electronic Commerce Law
- Law and Technology
Research Project
Electronic Bills of Lading Platforms: Architecture, Control Mechanisms, and Liability
This research focuses on electronic bills of lading platforms in smart shipping, examining how platform architecture and control mechanisms affect the liability of e-BLs platforms. Her work seeks to develop a coherent liability framework for e-BLs platforms.
