In the context of intelligent finance, the traditional legal framework targeting financial professionals is impractical and ineffective for robo-advisors do not possess independent legal personality, thereby leading to problems of empty enforcement, confusion concerning the identity of obligors and the failure of the existing system of duties. To deal with this dilemma, lawmakers need to restructure the obligor's identification mechanism and the system of duties. The substance of duties for the mode of robo-advisor needs to penetrate the complex veil and keep up with the algorithmic level to reflect their essential characteristics. The principles for the new regulatory paradigm are to avoid the evasion of accountabilities and responsibilities caused by dodging and relaxing the duties with the excuse of algorithm black box, as well as to avoid overburdening obligors by fully embracing the new development of artificial intelligence.

Takaful, like conventional insurance, involves the allocation and spreading of risk, and is becoming an increasingly important part of our professional and personal lives. This article seeks to set the stage by clarifying the position of takaful within the Malaysian secular common law system with respect to the applicability of Syariah law. In doing so, a comparative analysis will be made of the situation in other Islamic jurisdictions like the Middle East, Pakistan and Indonesia. The latter part of the article will then examine the legal framework regulating takaful in Malaysia, with the aim of suggesting much needed reform, especially with respect to the Takaful Act 1984, so as to support and further boost the growth of takaful in Malaysia, in line with the Malaysian government’s aspirations of establishing Malaysia as an international Islamic financial centre.

This article examines the concepts of a "contingent" creditor and a "prospective" creditor in the Companies Act and the Companies (Winding Up) Rules 1969 in the light of existing case authority. In the process, it attempts to define the outer boundaries of these concepts. Some practical considerations and problems in making a claim against a company as a contingent or prospective creditor are also examined. Particular attention is paid to the problem of proving non-contractual claims for unliquidated damages in the winding up of the insolvent company.

This article considers selected aspects of legal professional privilege; its role in the context of garnishee proceedings; the scope of the "communication" that falls within its protection; and the requirement of confidentiality in the communication that is sought to be protected. These issues were raised recently in Chua Su Yin & Co. v Ng Sung Yee & Anor.

Modern technology may be used to do goodbut it can also do harm. Biotechnology perhaps poses the greatest challenge to ethical decision-making as it touches everyone's lives especially in the areas of artificial reproductive technology, gene technology and organ transplantation and erodes traditional ethical conceptions. This overview addresses itself to some of the challenges to ethical decision-making in these and other areas.

The only central bank money individuals and businesses have today is cash. Everything else they use as money is commercial bank promises. Central bank digital currencies (“CBDC”) will likely change all this by putting central bank money into everyone’s hands. China is a front runner in this revolution, and its CBDC, the e-CNY, may well in time profoundly affect the international economic order. This article analyses the major considerations around the e-CNY, its ramifications, in particular for trade, and its possible challenges.