The defence of illegality, although long-established in tort law, is pleaded relatively infrequently, and - with some notable exceptions, particularly during the past few years - rarely with success. The courts are understandably cautious about accepting the application of any full defence, since the inevitable consequence of doing so is to destroy a claimant's action against a defendant whose tort has caused him harm. Some judges have also expressed discomfort about the sense of moral judgment which they see as an intrinsic component of illegality. In negligence actions, however, the special form of illegality which results in the plea of 'joint illegal enterprise' has been more widely accepted as a legitimate basis for refusing a claim. Although some have questioned the justification for treating a claimant who participates in a joint illegal enterprise with the defendant as particularly undeserving of compensation, the courts have traditionally regarded - and continue to regard - this as one of the more appropriate situations in which to refuse to award damages

The Singapore Court of Appeal has for the first time in The Online Citizen v The Attorney-General (8 October 2021) adjudicated on the constitutionality of correction directions issued by Ministers against allegedly false statements of fact under the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019. An overarching framework was utilised to assess whether the Ministerial directions restrict free speech under Article 14(1)(a) of the Constitution; if so, whether the restrictions are justifiable under the Constitution and whether there is a rational nexus between the statutory aims and enumerated exceptions. This case comment also examines the constitutional stance towards subject statements, the doctrine of compelled speech as applied in the US and UK, stop communication directions, the contexts in which statements are interpreted and their potential harms as well as the proportionality analysis for assessing the constitutionality of legislation.