The concept of "legal transplants" and the role it played in the development of law gave rise to much, and at times polarised, debate amongst comparative lawyers. Nevertheless, there is no denying that such borrowing of legal rules does contribute to legal reform—the question is the extent of the transplant and the form it takes. In the area of corporate law alone, there is much evidence of such "transplantation" resulting in significant commonality in the governance of companies across jurisdictions. Indeed, comparative studies in corporate law are often informed by the underlying uniformity of the corporate form, and the laws that govern it. As Armour et al observed in their essay "What is Corporate Law?" in The Anatomy of Corporate Law: A Comparative and Functional Approach 3d ed (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2017) 1 at p 1, "[b]usiness corporations have a fundamentally similar set of_x000D_ legal characteristics—and face a fundamentally similar set of legal problems—in all jurisdictions". Legal transplants run the gamut from the adoption of entire Acts to the borrowing of particular concepts. The independent director is an instance of the latter form of transplant. This particular concept has been so widely adopted that the presence of independent directors is de rigueur on corporate boards from Europe to Asia. Nevertheless, legal transplants may not always operate as expected in the country of reception. A number of jurisdiction-specific factors, including social, political and cultural, may influence the "success" of the transplant. Kahn-Freund astutely observed that the "problem of transplantation" (Otto Kahn-Freund, "On Uses and Misuses of Comparative Law" (1974) 37 Mod L Rev 1 at p 5) lay with "the inappropriateness of assuming that a legal norm or structure which had been seen to work well in one jurisdiction could be successfully introduced into another" (see Mark Freedland, "Otto Kahn-Freund (1900-1979)" in Jack Beatson & Reinhard Zimmermann, eds, Jurists Uprooted: German Speaking Émigré Lawyers in Twentieth-Century Britain (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004) 299 at p 311,_x000D_ cited in John W Cairns, "Watson, Walton, and the History of Legal Transplants" (2013) 41 Ga J Intl & Comp L 637 at p 687). Local context matters. This is the broad point so eloquently made in this book, which is edited by scholars whose own research backgrounds equip them with the insight to undertake a project of this nature. Asia is diversity itself. A project that attempts to look at a seemingly common concept in corporate governance, the independent director, must necessarily be prepared to embrace the inconvenience of difference and hence the challenge of weaving a coherent whole. The editors have managed this admirably by adopting a thoughtful structure.